basil_dgh
24-07-2002, 18:25
Glossary
المرجع الشامل تقريبا للاختصارات التي نستخدمها بمجال الحاسب..
المصدر هو كتاب شهادة A+
التعريب ...باسل basil_dgh@hotmail.com
نتدى شباب لك Basil_dgh http://www.shabablek.com/vbforms
التعريب جاري
بس هدول على عجلة...
والي بيحب يساعد بالتعريب..ليكون شغلناحلو...
يرسل رسالة خاصة بالاشياء الي عربها
مشان حرر المشاركات و ضيفها...
شكرا
Glossary
A
Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) An Intel-design expansion port found on Pentium II and later computers that allows a separate data path for display adapters.
هذا المدخل التوسعي يوجد باللوحات الأم المصممة توافقا مع تقنية معالجات "انتل" الجيل الثاني والذي يتيح مسار مستقل لنقل المعلومات بين كرت الشاشة والمعالج.
access speed The time required to complete read or write instructions as required by the memory controller chip. Usually measured in nanoseconds (ns) for memory chips and milliseconds (ms) for disk drives. Most manufacturers rate average access time on a hard disk as the time required for a seek across one-third of the total number of cylinders plus one half of the time for a single revolution of the disk platters.
وهو الوقت المطلوب لاتمام عملية القرائة أو الكتابة بواسطة الذاكرة. تقاس عادة بالنانو ثانية (Nano Second) بالنسبة للذاكرة.
وتقاس بالميلي ثانية بالنسبة لمحركات الأقراص.
address bus A group of parallel conductors (circuit traces) found on the motherboard that are used by the CPU to "address" memory locations. Determines what information or code is sent to or received from the data bus.
وهو عبارة عن خطوط نقل متوازية مستخدمة بواسطة وحدة المعالجة المركزية لاجراء عملية عنونة مواقع التخزين بالذاكرة.
لتسريع عملية معرفة وحساب ماهي المعلومات التي ارسلت أو استقبلت من الناقل الخطي.
ampere A measurement of electrical current strength.
وحدة قياس شدة التيار الكهربائي.
ASCII file Commonly used term to refer to a text file that contains only data as set forth by the American Standard
Code for Information Interchange to conform to their standard.
asynchronous Not synchronized—the computer is free to transmit any number of characters at any time. The bits constituting a single character are transmitted at a fixed rate, but the pauses between transmission can be of any duration.
attachment A file attached to e-mail; most e-mail clients allow the user to append files (for instance, graphics files like GIFs or JPEGs) to e-mail as a handy way of sending information to other people.
وهو ملف يرفق بالبريد الالكتروني .معظم خدمات البريد الالكتروني تسمح للمستخدمين ارفاق ملفات كملفات الرسومات من الانواع GIF ,JPG كوسيلة سهلة لارسال المعلومات للآخرين.
B
backslash (\) Symbol used to separate each directory level, for instance C:\Windows\Utilities. For this reason, it is a reserved character and cannot be used as part of a filename.
bandwidth Used in several ways to denote the amount of data or load capacity of a medium.
1) The range of frequencies that an electronic system can transmit. High bandwidth allows fast transmission or the ability to transmit many signals at once.
2) On a monitor screen, a higher bandwidth that provides a sharper image.
3) The rate at which data can be send over a modem or other telecommunication device.
تعريفها يختلف من جهاز لآخر..فقد يكون على أحد الطرق التالية:
1) معدل الفريكونسي الذي يمكن للنظام الالكتروني ارساله. الbandwidth العالي قد يتيح سرعة ارسال عالية أو قدرة على ارسال عدة اشارات في وقت واحد.
2) بشاشة الكومبيوتر، الـbandwidth العالي هو امكانية اظهار و استخدام الصور الحادة (Sharp).
3) المعدل الذي يمكن للمعلومات أن تنتقل به عبر جهاز المودم أو أي جهاز اتصال آخر. يسمى Bandwidth..
battery A power source for use outside or as an alternate to the electrical mains. Prevents unique information about the setup of the computer from being lost when the power is turned off. Also maintains the external clock time (not to be confused with the CPU's clock).
baud Roughly speaking, a measurement of how fast data can be sent over telephone lines.
BBS (bulletin board system) A local computer system that is not part of the Internet. It allows users to dial in and chat with others and download or upload files.
وهو جهاز كومبيوتر محلي ليس جزء من الانترنت ، يتيح للمستخدمين الاتصال ببعضهم والدردشة مع بعضهم وارسال واستقبال الملفات أيضا.
binary file A file type in the form of pure data (1s and 0s) that needs to be converted to image, sound, or application to be used. Contrast this to an ASCII file.
هو ملف محفوظ بشكل معلومات نقية أو (0 و 1) وهو بحاجة الى تحويل الى صورة أو صوت أو أي تطبيق آخر لنتمكن من استخدامه. أي تحويله لملف بلغة ASCII.
binary system The language used by computers—it is based on something being either on or off. There are only two digits used in binary language; 1 equals on and 0 equals off.
لغة الحاسب وهي تعتمد على أمرين ON or OFF == 0 or 1.
BIOS (basic input/output system) Software that includes hundreds of little programs stored on ROM chips, used during the startup routine to check out the system and prepare to run the hardware.
وهو سوفتوير يحتوي على مئات البرمجيات محفوظة بذاكرة قرائة فقط ROM . يستخدم خلال عملية الإقلاع لتفحص النظام والاعداد لاستخدام الأجهزة المكونة للحاسب.
bit The smallest unit of information that is recognized by a microcomputer. Shorthand term for binary digit. There are only two possible binary digits: 0 and 1.
أصغر وحدة من المعلومات مستخدمة بواسطة الكومبيوتر الصغري.
Bi-Tronics A modified Centronics connection created by Hewlett-Packard. It utilizes bidirectional communication, allowing the printer to send messages to the computer (out of paper, paper jam, and so forth).
جك أو مدخل سينترونكس معدل بواسطة شركة الطابعات الكبرى Hewlett-Packard يتيح للطابعة ارسال معلومات للحاسب تخبره بنفاذ الورق والحبر....
BMP A bitmapped graphics file native to the Windows environment.
boot partition A hard-disk partition containing the portion of the operating system needed to launch the operating environment.
وهو الجزء من محرك الأقراص الصلبة والذي يحتوي على نظام التشغيل الذي يجب على الكومبيوتر الوصول اليه خلال عملية الاقلاع.
boot up To start a computer; drawn from the phrase "pulling oneself up by one's own bootstraps."
bps (bits per second) The speed at which a modem transmits data. Typical rates are 14,400, 28,800, 33,600 and 56,600 bps. This represents the actual number of data bits that can be transmitted per second.
وحدة السرعة التي ينقل بها الموديم البيانات والمعلومات ..
السرعات المعروفة 14,400, 28,800, 33,600 and 56,600 bps
هذه الارقام توضح مقدار المعلومات التي يمكن نقلها بواسطة الموديم بالثانية.
bridge A device that provides communication between two or more network segments, thereby forming one logical network.
broadband A network with high bandwidth (greater than 256 bps).
browser Software used to navigate the World Wide Web, such as Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator.
bulletin board system See BBS
bus The main communication avenue in a computer. It consists of a set of parallel wires that are connected to the CPU, memory, and all input/output devices. The bus can transmit data in either direction between any two components. If a computer did not have a bus, it would need separate wires to connect all the components.
bus mastering The ability of a device to control its own data bus, only making use of the main system bus when data must be sent to the CPU or another device. This reduces CPU and system bus traffic, improving overall performance.
bus network A network in which all computers are connected to a single linear cable. Both ends of the cable must be terminated. Because there is no central point, it is harder to isolate problems in a bus network than in a star network topology.
byte A group of 8 bits that represents 1 character of information (for instance, pressing one key on the keyboard). A byte is the standard unit of measuring memory in a microprocessor. Memory size is measured in terms of kilobytes (KB) or megabytes (MB). 1 KB of RAM is 1024 bytes; 1 MB is approximately one million bytes.
C
cache A place where data is stored so that it does not need to be read from a slower device. Copies of frequently used disk sectors are stored in RAM so they can be accessed without accessing the hard disk.
case sensitivity The ability of the operating system to distinguish between uppercase and lowercase letters. MS-DOS commands are not case-sensitive; UNIX commands are.
cathode-ray tube See CRT
CD-ROM (compact disc read-only memory) A disc similar to an audio compact disc, but it contains computer data.
central processing unit See CPU
CGA (Color Graphics Adapter) An early color graphics adapter standard with resolutions of 320 pixels by 200 pixels or 640 x 200. CGA supported no more than four colors.
chip The ultimate integrated circuit; contains the complete arithmetic and logic unit of a computer. See microprocessor
chip set A group of computer chips or ICs (integrated circuits) that, when working in harmony, manage and control the computer system. This set includes the CPU and other chips that control the flow of data throughout the system. Typical chip sets consist of a bus controller, a memory controller, data and address buffer, and a peripheral controller.
CISC (complex instruction set computing) A computer with many different machine-language instructions.
client A computer that connects to a network and uses the available resources provided by the server.
clock Establishes the maximum speed at which the processor can execute commands. Not to be confused with the clock that keeps time.
clock speed Measured in megahertz (MHz)—millions of cycles per second—it is the speed at which a clock can cycle, or how fast a CPU can execute a command.
clone A term that derives from the early days of personal computing used to denote a computer compatible with, but not manufactured by, IBM.
clusters A unit of storage on a mass-storage device such as a hard disk drive or CD-ROM disc. On a hard drive a cluster usually consists of two to eight sectors. The actual amount of data a cluster can hold is dependent on the operating system and controller type.
CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) A chip that gets its name from the way it is manufactured and not the information it holds. Unlike other ROM chips, CMOS chips store data that is read by the BIOS to complete the programs needed to talk to changeable hardware.
CMOS battery Prevents unique information about the setup of the computer from being lost when the power is turned off. Also maintains the external clock time (not to be confused with the CPU's clock).
coaxial cable Made of two conductors that share the same axis. The center is a relatively stiff copper wire encased in insulating plastic. A wire-mesh tube around the insulation serves as shielding. The outside is a tough insulating plastic tube.
code A way of representing information on a machine or in some physical form so that the information can be placed on the external data bus to be read by all devices. Also, statements (source code) written in a programming language, which are compiled into executable instructions (object code).
cold boot The process of restarting a computer after it has been powered down.
COM1, COM2 The names assigned to the first two serial ports on a PC.
command mode The character mode used in an operating system such as Microsoft Windows, MS-DOS, or UNIX that has a prompt and in which actions take place while the user enters text strings to execute commands.
compression "Squeezing" a file down in size by getting rid of all the bits it doesn't really need. Many files (especially those with graphics) are very large and require a long time to travel over the Internet, so they are best compressed before sent.
conferences Different areas of conversation in an e-mail system that are topic-specific rather than individualized.
conventional memory The memory area between 0 and 640 KB that is designated for running MS-DOS and MS-DOS applications.
cookie A special message stored on a computer that allows a Web site to keep track of when a user has visited that site.
coprocessor A separate circuit inside a computer that adds additional functions to the CPU or handles extra work while the CPU is busy.
CPU (central processing unit) The part of a computer in which arithmetic and logical operations are performed and instructions are decoded and executed. It controls the operation of the computer.
CRT (cathode-ray tube) The main component of a monitor. One end of the tube is a very slender cylinder containing an electron gun(s). The fatter end is the display screen.
cursor When entering data, whether in an application or in an MS-DOS command, the cursor (often a small flashing line) indicates the place at which the characters will be inserted.
المرجع الشامل تقريبا للاختصارات التي نستخدمها بمجال الحاسب..
المصدر هو كتاب شهادة A+
التعريب ...باسل basil_dgh@hotmail.com
نتدى شباب لك Basil_dgh http://www.shabablek.com/vbforms
التعريب جاري
بس هدول على عجلة...
والي بيحب يساعد بالتعريب..ليكون شغلناحلو...
يرسل رسالة خاصة بالاشياء الي عربها
مشان حرر المشاركات و ضيفها...
شكرا
Glossary
A
Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) An Intel-design expansion port found on Pentium II and later computers that allows a separate data path for display adapters.
هذا المدخل التوسعي يوجد باللوحات الأم المصممة توافقا مع تقنية معالجات "انتل" الجيل الثاني والذي يتيح مسار مستقل لنقل المعلومات بين كرت الشاشة والمعالج.
access speed The time required to complete read or write instructions as required by the memory controller chip. Usually measured in nanoseconds (ns) for memory chips and milliseconds (ms) for disk drives. Most manufacturers rate average access time on a hard disk as the time required for a seek across one-third of the total number of cylinders plus one half of the time for a single revolution of the disk platters.
وهو الوقت المطلوب لاتمام عملية القرائة أو الكتابة بواسطة الذاكرة. تقاس عادة بالنانو ثانية (Nano Second) بالنسبة للذاكرة.
وتقاس بالميلي ثانية بالنسبة لمحركات الأقراص.
address bus A group of parallel conductors (circuit traces) found on the motherboard that are used by the CPU to "address" memory locations. Determines what information or code is sent to or received from the data bus.
وهو عبارة عن خطوط نقل متوازية مستخدمة بواسطة وحدة المعالجة المركزية لاجراء عملية عنونة مواقع التخزين بالذاكرة.
لتسريع عملية معرفة وحساب ماهي المعلومات التي ارسلت أو استقبلت من الناقل الخطي.
ampere A measurement of electrical current strength.
وحدة قياس شدة التيار الكهربائي.
ASCII file Commonly used term to refer to a text file that contains only data as set forth by the American Standard
Code for Information Interchange to conform to their standard.
asynchronous Not synchronized—the computer is free to transmit any number of characters at any time. The bits constituting a single character are transmitted at a fixed rate, but the pauses between transmission can be of any duration.
attachment A file attached to e-mail; most e-mail clients allow the user to append files (for instance, graphics files like GIFs or JPEGs) to e-mail as a handy way of sending information to other people.
وهو ملف يرفق بالبريد الالكتروني .معظم خدمات البريد الالكتروني تسمح للمستخدمين ارفاق ملفات كملفات الرسومات من الانواع GIF ,JPG كوسيلة سهلة لارسال المعلومات للآخرين.
B
backslash (\) Symbol used to separate each directory level, for instance C:\Windows\Utilities. For this reason, it is a reserved character and cannot be used as part of a filename.
bandwidth Used in several ways to denote the amount of data or load capacity of a medium.
1) The range of frequencies that an electronic system can transmit. High bandwidth allows fast transmission or the ability to transmit many signals at once.
2) On a monitor screen, a higher bandwidth that provides a sharper image.
3) The rate at which data can be send over a modem or other telecommunication device.
تعريفها يختلف من جهاز لآخر..فقد يكون على أحد الطرق التالية:
1) معدل الفريكونسي الذي يمكن للنظام الالكتروني ارساله. الbandwidth العالي قد يتيح سرعة ارسال عالية أو قدرة على ارسال عدة اشارات في وقت واحد.
2) بشاشة الكومبيوتر، الـbandwidth العالي هو امكانية اظهار و استخدام الصور الحادة (Sharp).
3) المعدل الذي يمكن للمعلومات أن تنتقل به عبر جهاز المودم أو أي جهاز اتصال آخر. يسمى Bandwidth..
battery A power source for use outside or as an alternate to the electrical mains. Prevents unique information about the setup of the computer from being lost when the power is turned off. Also maintains the external clock time (not to be confused with the CPU's clock).
baud Roughly speaking, a measurement of how fast data can be sent over telephone lines.
BBS (bulletin board system) A local computer system that is not part of the Internet. It allows users to dial in and chat with others and download or upload files.
وهو جهاز كومبيوتر محلي ليس جزء من الانترنت ، يتيح للمستخدمين الاتصال ببعضهم والدردشة مع بعضهم وارسال واستقبال الملفات أيضا.
binary file A file type in the form of pure data (1s and 0s) that needs to be converted to image, sound, or application to be used. Contrast this to an ASCII file.
هو ملف محفوظ بشكل معلومات نقية أو (0 و 1) وهو بحاجة الى تحويل الى صورة أو صوت أو أي تطبيق آخر لنتمكن من استخدامه. أي تحويله لملف بلغة ASCII.
binary system The language used by computers—it is based on something being either on or off. There are only two digits used in binary language; 1 equals on and 0 equals off.
لغة الحاسب وهي تعتمد على أمرين ON or OFF == 0 or 1.
BIOS (basic input/output system) Software that includes hundreds of little programs stored on ROM chips, used during the startup routine to check out the system and prepare to run the hardware.
وهو سوفتوير يحتوي على مئات البرمجيات محفوظة بذاكرة قرائة فقط ROM . يستخدم خلال عملية الإقلاع لتفحص النظام والاعداد لاستخدام الأجهزة المكونة للحاسب.
bit The smallest unit of information that is recognized by a microcomputer. Shorthand term for binary digit. There are only two possible binary digits: 0 and 1.
أصغر وحدة من المعلومات مستخدمة بواسطة الكومبيوتر الصغري.
Bi-Tronics A modified Centronics connection created by Hewlett-Packard. It utilizes bidirectional communication, allowing the printer to send messages to the computer (out of paper, paper jam, and so forth).
جك أو مدخل سينترونكس معدل بواسطة شركة الطابعات الكبرى Hewlett-Packard يتيح للطابعة ارسال معلومات للحاسب تخبره بنفاذ الورق والحبر....
BMP A bitmapped graphics file native to the Windows environment.
boot partition A hard-disk partition containing the portion of the operating system needed to launch the operating environment.
وهو الجزء من محرك الأقراص الصلبة والذي يحتوي على نظام التشغيل الذي يجب على الكومبيوتر الوصول اليه خلال عملية الاقلاع.
boot up To start a computer; drawn from the phrase "pulling oneself up by one's own bootstraps."
bps (bits per second) The speed at which a modem transmits data. Typical rates are 14,400, 28,800, 33,600 and 56,600 bps. This represents the actual number of data bits that can be transmitted per second.
وحدة السرعة التي ينقل بها الموديم البيانات والمعلومات ..
السرعات المعروفة 14,400, 28,800, 33,600 and 56,600 bps
هذه الارقام توضح مقدار المعلومات التي يمكن نقلها بواسطة الموديم بالثانية.
bridge A device that provides communication between two or more network segments, thereby forming one logical network.
broadband A network with high bandwidth (greater than 256 bps).
browser Software used to navigate the World Wide Web, such as Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator.
bulletin board system See BBS
bus The main communication avenue in a computer. It consists of a set of parallel wires that are connected to the CPU, memory, and all input/output devices. The bus can transmit data in either direction between any two components. If a computer did not have a bus, it would need separate wires to connect all the components.
bus mastering The ability of a device to control its own data bus, only making use of the main system bus when data must be sent to the CPU or another device. This reduces CPU and system bus traffic, improving overall performance.
bus network A network in which all computers are connected to a single linear cable. Both ends of the cable must be terminated. Because there is no central point, it is harder to isolate problems in a bus network than in a star network topology.
byte A group of 8 bits that represents 1 character of information (for instance, pressing one key on the keyboard). A byte is the standard unit of measuring memory in a microprocessor. Memory size is measured in terms of kilobytes (KB) or megabytes (MB). 1 KB of RAM is 1024 bytes; 1 MB is approximately one million bytes.
C
cache A place where data is stored so that it does not need to be read from a slower device. Copies of frequently used disk sectors are stored in RAM so they can be accessed without accessing the hard disk.
case sensitivity The ability of the operating system to distinguish between uppercase and lowercase letters. MS-DOS commands are not case-sensitive; UNIX commands are.
cathode-ray tube See CRT
CD-ROM (compact disc read-only memory) A disc similar to an audio compact disc, but it contains computer data.
central processing unit See CPU
CGA (Color Graphics Adapter) An early color graphics adapter standard with resolutions of 320 pixels by 200 pixels or 640 x 200. CGA supported no more than four colors.
chip The ultimate integrated circuit; contains the complete arithmetic and logic unit of a computer. See microprocessor
chip set A group of computer chips or ICs (integrated circuits) that, when working in harmony, manage and control the computer system. This set includes the CPU and other chips that control the flow of data throughout the system. Typical chip sets consist of a bus controller, a memory controller, data and address buffer, and a peripheral controller.
CISC (complex instruction set computing) A computer with many different machine-language instructions.
client A computer that connects to a network and uses the available resources provided by the server.
clock Establishes the maximum speed at which the processor can execute commands. Not to be confused with the clock that keeps time.
clock speed Measured in megahertz (MHz)—millions of cycles per second—it is the speed at which a clock can cycle, or how fast a CPU can execute a command.
clone A term that derives from the early days of personal computing used to denote a computer compatible with, but not manufactured by, IBM.
clusters A unit of storage on a mass-storage device such as a hard disk drive or CD-ROM disc. On a hard drive a cluster usually consists of two to eight sectors. The actual amount of data a cluster can hold is dependent on the operating system and controller type.
CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) A chip that gets its name from the way it is manufactured and not the information it holds. Unlike other ROM chips, CMOS chips store data that is read by the BIOS to complete the programs needed to talk to changeable hardware.
CMOS battery Prevents unique information about the setup of the computer from being lost when the power is turned off. Also maintains the external clock time (not to be confused with the CPU's clock).
coaxial cable Made of two conductors that share the same axis. The center is a relatively stiff copper wire encased in insulating plastic. A wire-mesh tube around the insulation serves as shielding. The outside is a tough insulating plastic tube.
code A way of representing information on a machine or in some physical form so that the information can be placed on the external data bus to be read by all devices. Also, statements (source code) written in a programming language, which are compiled into executable instructions (object code).
cold boot The process of restarting a computer after it has been powered down.
COM1, COM2 The names assigned to the first two serial ports on a PC.
command mode The character mode used in an operating system such as Microsoft Windows, MS-DOS, or UNIX that has a prompt and in which actions take place while the user enters text strings to execute commands.
compression "Squeezing" a file down in size by getting rid of all the bits it doesn't really need. Many files (especially those with graphics) are very large and require a long time to travel over the Internet, so they are best compressed before sent.
conferences Different areas of conversation in an e-mail system that are topic-specific rather than individualized.
conventional memory The memory area between 0 and 640 KB that is designated for running MS-DOS and MS-DOS applications.
cookie A special message stored on a computer that allows a Web site to keep track of when a user has visited that site.
coprocessor A separate circuit inside a computer that adds additional functions to the CPU or handles extra work while the CPU is busy.
CPU (central processing unit) The part of a computer in which arithmetic and logical operations are performed and instructions are decoded and executed. It controls the operation of the computer.
CRT (cathode-ray tube) The main component of a monitor. One end of the tube is a very slender cylinder containing an electron gun(s). The fatter end is the display screen.
cursor When entering data, whether in an application or in an MS-DOS command, the cursor (often a small flashing line) indicates the place at which the characters will be inserted.